Neural plasticity is an experience-dependent process of the strengthening or weakening of synaptic connections across various areas of the brain, including the hippocampus and motor cortex. At the cellular level, the reorganization and rewiring of neural connections is possible due to morphological (structural) changes in the brain cells themselves. These changes in brain structure include the growth of new dendritic spines, the remodeling of axonal pathways and the modification of synaptic receptors, which enable more efficient neural communication.

Brain plasticity is integral to brain development in children, as a child’s nervous system encounters a vast amount of input by simply engaging with the environment. This high capacity for structural plasticity helps children learn a new language or skill more easily and passively compared to adults and is also why early interventions for addressing trauma, mental health concerns and learning deficits can be so impactful for young children.

Learning new information or new skills requires synaptic plasticity in order to retain and later recall that which has been recently learned. Understanding and utilizing the mechanisms of neuroplasticity can result in more effective and efficient learning. 

First and foremost, following protocols that support brain health and good cognitive function set the foundation for neuroplasticity to occur. Physical exercise — particularly cardiovascular exercise — improves blood flow to the brain and boosts levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which supports the growth and resilience of neurons. Sleep is another critical factor: the actual strengthening and weakening of the connections between neurons made during a bout of learning occurs predominantly during sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and deep sleep are particularly important for consolidating new information, memory formation and reorganizing neural pathways. 

During a bout of learning, spaced repetition and active recall enhance memory by regularly challenging the brain to retrieve information, strengthening neural pathways in the process. Additionally, minimizing distractions in the environment and dedicating time to focused, deep work is required for neuroplasticity in adults.

Psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and ketamine have garnered scientific attention for their profound effects on neuroplasticity. Under the influence of psychedelics, brain regions that typically don’t communicate much with each other become more integrated, which can persist even after the effects of the psychedelic have worn off. Psychedelics also stimulate the production of neurotrophic factors like BDNF, which supports the growth of new synapses, enhancing plasticity.

The increased plasticity from psychedelics facilitates emotional processing, generating new perspectives on past experiences and the breaking of maladaptive thought patterns. Research suggests that psychedelics create a critical period of heightened adaptability, allowing individuals to get “unstuck” from otherwise rigid modes of thinking and integrate therapeutic insights more effectively. Growing research suggests that psychedelics can be a promising clinical tool for treating depression, PTSD and addiction. 

Disclaimer: Psychedelic research is an emerging field, and findings are still evolving. In many parts of the world, psychedelics remain illegal, and their use carries potential risks. Any consideration of psychedelic usage should be approached with caution, within legal parameters, and only under the guidance and supervision of a qualified physician or licensed professional.